The Medicine Inspired From Horror Essay - 2283 Words

Medicine Inspired From Horror War always tends to accelerate the rate at which innovation and inventions tend to happen as fighting powers race to find ways to overcome their rivals. The clash of 19th and 20th century ideas led to large technological advances in military technology, never before seen in warfare before. Weapons of horror and mass devastation entered the battlefield, causing commanders and tacticians to adapt and change the ways the fought wars. Rapid firing machine guns and new machines of war such as the tank were introduced causing fear and heavy casualties for the soldiers entrenched on the front. As casualties continued to increase throughout the war, new medical innovations had to be put into place to treat the dying and wounded. Due to military advancement in World War I, the field of medicine was greatly expanded as well as new medical innovations came into play. This was the birth of modern medicine. Millions of soldiers in World War I died needlessly because military leaders failed or were to slow to adapt their old-fashioned strategies and tactics to the new weapons introduced into the war. The war was predominantly fought with trench warfare. Although trenches were used in ancient and medieval warfare, in the American Civil War, and in the Russo-Japanese Wad, they did not become important until World War I. Technological developments in engineering, chemistry, and optics had produced weapons much more deadly than anything soldiersShow MoreRelatedThe Black Death : The Bubonic Plague Of The Thirteen Thousands Swept Through Europe Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pagesvomiting, multi-organ failure, black boils and even blackened limbs which inspired the term black plague (Eastman 10). Many sought answers as to why they were being cursed with the black death and looked for ways to channel their despair. Religious zealots looked for answers outside of Roman Catholicism which created a divide in the church (Boccaccio 8). Emotional turm oil and a search for a cure led to a revolution in art and medicine that brought the world into the Renaissance. While the far-reachingRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe and the Horror Story Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"’Villains!’ I shrieked, ‘dissemble no more! I admit the deed! –tear up the planks! here, here! - It is the beating of his hideous heart!’†(Poe). Edgar Allan Poe, a brilliant writer and poet, is well known for his creation of the horror short story and mystery novel. He has written suspenseful short-stories such as â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† where in both stories it has the reader on edge till the very end. For example, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is about the main character taking care of anRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1073 Words   |  5 Pagessignificance of The Yellow Wallpaper is remarkable as it explores the public perception of mental illness, and the basic issues of a woman’s place in society in the 19th century. Throughout the story, you can see the narrator slowly slipping away from reality, and becoming a psychotic, maniacal person in the end due to her illness. It is mentioned in the story that the protagonist had a â€Å"slight hysterical tendency† (Gilman 464), yet indicates all through the text that her illness is obviously notRead More The Life of Mary Shelley Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesWollstonecraft died due to complications from the pregnancy. Mary spent a lot of time visiting her mothers grave when she was growing up. Her father taught her how to spell her mothers name by having her trace the letters on the headstone with her fingers, an interesting yet morbid way to teach a seven year old how to spell. Goodwin raised Mary by himself for the early part of her life. When Mary was four, he married Mary Jane Clairmont, who also had children from a previous marriage. Mary never fullyRead MoreEscape from Spiderhead by Dr. Abnesti Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesInspir ed by Escape from Spiderhead For centuries, scientific development has been a hot issue among media. Especially since the invention of cloning technology, more and more arguments about the developing pattern and power gained from such a development worried people globally. No doubt that the rapid development did provide us numerous conveniences and improving our life greatly, though, in regard to the increasing acknowledgment that people have from our nature, and the unpredictable humanRead MoreThe Walking Dead : A New Society After The Collapse Of The World Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pageslife, the government is nonresident. Health and medicine are up to any doctors, nurses or herbalists that are left, anyone with a medical license is the best shot someone has even if they used to be a dentist. Other than that, the only other option is to find medical books, books on herbs and plants and educate themselves on how to treat someone or make a medicine out of plants. The popular hit television series, The Walking Dead is an American horror drama developed by Frank Darabont based on theRead MoreKhaled Hossieni s The Kite Runner1433 Words   |  6 PagesJose, California after being granted political asylum from the US. (â€Å"Biography†) Hossieni then attended Santa Clara University, majored in biology for his undergrad and then attended medical school at the University of California in San Diego. After medical school he began practicing medicine in the private sector in 1996. (britannica.com) The Kite Runner was his first novel and he had the idea to write a novel while still practicing medicine in 2001 and then published The Kite Runner in 2003. InitiallyRead MoreHow Shutter Island Relates to Psychology Essay example1070 Words   |  5 Pagesdrowned her three kids; However Teddy had been pushing for the assignment on the island for personal reasons, but before long he wonders whether he hasnt been brought there as part of a twisted plot by hospital doctors whose radical treatments range from unethical to illegal to downright sinister, or are they? Teddys investigating skills (dreams he has while awake and asleep, where his dead wife tells him to what do.) soon provide a promising lead, but the hospital refuses him access to records heRead MoreDr. Albert Schweitzer s Life1535 Words   |  7 Pagesyour chest, then close your eyes use your imagination to picture the places you want to go and who you want to meet, and get ready for an adventure†. BOOM! Just like that I traveled back in the 1900s and meet my role model Dr. Albert Schweitzer, he inspired me on how to become a great doctor, a doctor who cares about his/her patients. Dr. Albert Schweitzer was a French-German theologian, organist, philosopher, and physician. Back in the middle of 1900s he known as selfless, humanitarian physician. Read MoreThe Death Of The Slave Trade Of Africa1686 Words   |  7 Pagesfor his children, he brought power to their â€Å"sacred medicines† (Raboteau, A.J. 1980). As a large portion of West Africans, including the Congolese, were transported along the slave trade ships, their beliefs and culture traveled with them. Haiti, being the largest and most abundant slave trade region, many Africans were transported to this island for the most horrendous undertaking of early world history. The slave trade was such a traumatic horror for the people of Africa, families torn as an attempt

Anti Fat Attitudes On Motivation And Goals - 898 Words

People are always prejudice against others and that may be because of race, religion, wealth, health, etc. When I say health, I mean either being fat or fit. Social psychology focuses on all of these criteria of prejudice but the purpose of this study is focusing on anti-fat attitudes on motivation and goals. We will see if fat people are being treated unequally and unfair vs fit people. A brief description of who someone may be considered fat, is an individual with a BMI (body mass index) over 25 points. Typing BMI calculator on Google and typing your height and weight can easily do this calculation and tell an individual where they stand. For our research our predictor variables are Intrinsic vs Extrinsic and willpower belief. These studies compare how anti-fat is related to our predictor variables. A study done on weight-related humor in the media found that participants appreciated weight-related humor and also some of them disliked it because they may have felt offended. The st udy had 501 participants, who watched 7 different video clips of weight-related humor. The participants were given a survey to fill out about how they felt about the video they had just seen. Since some participants were offended and some appreciated the humor the study is ongoing and does not carry a significant difference in weight-related humor to the general public. (Brumeister Carels, 2015) Fat people may experience psychological depression sometime in their lifetime, thus beingShow MoreRelatedCase Study One Presents Michael Anderson, A 48-Year-Old1633 Words   |  7 Pagesapnoea and gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). This essay will identify and discuss two Complex care priorities using the Levett-Jones Clinical Reasoning Framework (Levett-Jones, 2013), this framework will be used as a structure to establish goals, interventions, means of evaluation and will provide alternative interventions. The Two Care Priorities that will be discussed are Management of Diabetes p reventing further complications; and Depression and social isolation. The care plan aims toRead MoreUnderstanding And Combat Weight Bias9848 Words   |  40 Pagesit. In Study 1, visual adaptation shifted thresholds for fat categorization, such that exposure to thin bodies lowered the threshold for labeling another person as fat whereas exposure to fat bodies heightened the threshold for labeling another person as fat. In Study 2, visual adaptation altered social evaluations related to body weight, such that exposure to thin bodies exacerbated weight bias against discrete targets whereas exposure to fat bodies mitigated it. Study 3 used eye-tracking technologyRead MoreEmotion and Motivation2848 Words   |  12 PagesAP Psychology Niland Notes on Motivation and Emotion – Chapter 9 Essential Questions: †¢ In what ways are humans motivated to behave? †¢ What methods of motivation are more effective than others? †¢ How can one increase their motivation to behave in various ways? †¢ What is the role of hunger in motivating behavior? †¢ How do maladaptive eating patterns affect behavior? †¢ What role do emotions play in behavior? †¢ How do cognitions affect emotions? †¢ How does stress influence health and behavior? †¢Read MoreThere is a stigma in our society about obesity in our culture. This issue has increased over the3100 Words   |  13 Pagesstronger now than it was 40 years ago (Schwartz, Vartanian, Nosek, Brownell, 2006). People report feelings of obesity mostly as a strong automatic preference for thin people compared to fat people. This stigma is influenced by several different factors, including gender, the media, and attitudes about ones own body. Attitudes toward obesity are different among genders. In a study completed by Aruguete, Yates, and Edman, they found that body dissatisfaction was greater among women than men. They found thatRead MoreUnlocking Weight Loss Resistance At Just 30 Days11226 Words   |  45 Pages As a certified fitness and nutrition coach, Kurt Stradtman primarily educates and motivates clients to assume more personal responsibility for their health by adopting a healthy attitude, lifestyle, and diet. While people generally experience greater health and wellness as a result of embracing a healthier attitude, lifestyle, and diet, Kurt Stradtman does not promise or guarantee protection from future illness, or treatment of current illness. By following the 30 Day Challenge, you acknowledgeRead MoreDr.Strangelove Film Analysis Essay example2420 Words   |  10 Pageswas beginning to escalate. While based on a more serious book, Red Alert by Peter George, it was soon transformed into a black comedy that parodied the absurdity of global nuclear destruction and the mentality of the Cold War. While not as overtly anti-war as his third film Paths of Glory, Kubrick still manages to show the ridiculousness of nuclear war while linking two basic male instincts together, sex and the desire to kill. The film continuously portrays excessive examples of sexual and genderRead MoreEffects of Vigorous and Moderate Exercise on Health-Related Outcomes10786 Words   |  43 Pageseffectively control the blood pressure (Cornelissen and Fagard, 2005). Regular exercise has also been shown to help keep the level of blood triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol at normal levels by preventing unfavorable elevation of blood fat and cholesterol levels(Stefanick et al., 1998, Neiman, 2003). Some studies, however, show that there is no favorable change in blood lipid levels with regular exercise. These studies took into consideration the day-to-day changes in blood lipoproteinRead More The Sociological Aspect of Obesity Essay7419 Words   |  30 Pagesthe most stigmatizing bodily characteristics in our culture (Brink, 1994). In the Western culture, thinness does not just mean the size of the body, but it is associated with such qualities as being healthy, attractive and in control. In contrast, a fat body is viewed as a sign of poor health, inefficiency and lack of personal will (e.g. Kissling, 1991; Ogden, 1992; Cooper, 1998). Resent research has shown that the social stigma associated with obesity can have serious conseq uences for an obese individualRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Stress Management3217 Words   |  13 Pagesdescribed as â€Å"when pressure exceeds your perceived ability to cope† (Palmer, 2010, p. 7). There is such a thing as good stress, which is stress that enhances a physical or mental function. Stress can increase a person’s energy level, concentration, motivation and self-confidence (Peterson, 1999). However, excessive or bad stress may cause a person to feel overwhelmed and want to escape or become depressed (Parker, 2007). Personality and the Effects of Stress A person’s personality or methods of copingRead MoreAssignment 1 – Understanding Development and Supporting Equality, Diversity and Inclusion9386 Words   |  38 Pages âÅ"“ May ask questions about life, death, and the human body. âÅ"“ Continues to be accident prone, especially on the playground. âÅ"“ Has more control over small muscles, and therefore writes and draws with more skill. âÅ"“ Displays a casual attitude toward clothing and appearance. âÅ"“ Seems to be all hands and arms. âÅ"“ Seems to possess boundless energy. âÅ"“ Wants to excel in sports and recreational skills. âÅ"“ Laughs at dark humor. âÅ"“ Is energetic and spirited. âÅ"“ Strives

Air Force One Movie Review Free Essays

Air Force one is movie released way back in 1997. It is about how a president was able to save himself, family, and allies from the people who hijacked his plane. In the world of terrorism, the USA president, James Marshall portrayed by Harrison Ford, takes a stand against evil and as a consequence his plane was hijacked by a group of terrorists lead by Ivan Korshunov portrayed by Gary Oldman. We will write a custom essay sample on Air Force One Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now They want to negotiate and have their leader General Ivan Radek released from prison.The movie starts with some signs of terrorism and attacks of the president then when everything was amended and the president was on his way back to America with his family, secretaries, and his members. A group of terrorist who plans to hijack the plane disguised as press and was able to board the plan along with a spy who works with them. They started killing the escorts and security personnel of the president then declared them as hostage. The president immediately went to a secure emergency pod guided by his people but further into the story it was revealed that he didn’t leave the plane.He stayed there to save his fellow people and family. He then planned what to do to save them. He started by slowly killing each terrorist that goes down in the basement of the plane as he tries to connect to the white house to strategize on what to do and get help from the outside. And indeed he was successful and he was able to tell his team what to do and his team followed. There were a lot of fight scenes as he tries to win against the bad guys and despite of many obstacles he remained calmed, always thinking of the next step and never giving up hope. The president was indeed a remarkable leader because of how he handled the situation. He stayed in the plane which shows his selflessness and because he knows that if he stayed there the chances of having more people saved is higher. As he was thinking of ways to get out of the plane it showed his intelligence like in one of the scenes that he realized that he has to land the plane no matter what and to do that he has to drain the fuel. When that didn’t work when the plane was being refuelled mid air the plane dropped to a certain level and he was able to free the hostages by releasing them with parachutes.In the white house his members and the vice president was doing really well following his orders. The vice President Kathryn Bennett portrayed by Glenn Close was very loyal to the president and as a leader herself she stick to the rules that they don’t negotiate with terrorists and she believed in the president that the plan will work out. The president was able to es tablish direction, align people to understand strategies and accept their validity, he was able to motivate and inspire and in the end he was able to create change for the betterment of the nation. How to cite Air Force One Movie Review, Papers

Canterbury Tales Essay Prompts Example For Students

Canterbury Tales Essay Prompts Canterbury TalesCharacter AnalysisChaucers greatest work came after everything else. Canterbury tales was the last of his literary works. It followed such stories as Troilus and Creseyde. It is considered as one of the greatest works of literature during the English Middle Age. The ironic thing is that it wasnt even finished the way Chaucer had intended it to. He had planned to have over a hundred tales, four for each pilgrim. He ended up with twenty-four, less than one for each pilgrim. One wonders if he had finished how much better would it have been. The story is a unique one, especially during the time in which it was written. Rather than a traditional author story format, Chaucer uses a different method to spin a number of different types of stories. By telling different stories through different pilgrims Chaucer uses their attitudes and characteristics so that he may tell tales of many different varieties and styles. This shows the many different creative sides and motives of the great author. He was not the first to use such a method, but he may be one of the most famous, earliest of its users. Among the number of characters and different storytellers you come across a character by the name of Robin. His standing among the company was the Miller, so that was what he would be more commonly known. Immediately following the Knight the Miller had a pretty tough act to follow. The Knight was obviously of high standing, and would previously tell a noble tale with a moralistic flavor to it. It would leave the crowd in state of appreciation for someone of his stature. When his tale was done the people knew why it was that he was Knight. Although, when the Miller was done the people did also realize why he was the Miller. When the Knights tale had finished the Miller decided it was his turn for the spotlight. Chaucer makes it quite easy to understand the contrast in the characters. Especially making the claims one right after the other. The comparison is easily made. The drunken boisterous Miller pipes up claiming to have a tale that would contend with the Knights for being noble and attractive. Sensing the drunkenness, the host speaks up telling the Miller to save his tale for another time knowing of what was to come. The loud and cocky Miller overpowers him. He states that his tale is one of infidelity between a carpenter and his wife. The narrator even tries to apologize for the following drunken blabbering. The stage had pretty much been set. In short, the tale is of a carpenter and his wife. Being very busy with business the carpenter is not around much and eventually his wife would be seduced by a man of a lower social standing than her husband by the name of Nicholas. She also would be sought after by a guitar-playing luster, who for the times would have been more suitable for an adulterous escapade. His name was Absolom. She would trick her husband into distraction so that she may sleep with Nicholas, all the while teasing and insulting Absolom with cruel and somewhat disgusting technique. In the end, each man had been punished, the carpenter was thought to be crazy by the townspeople and had been injured in a fall, Nicholas would be burned by Absolom, and Absolom himself would be humiliated for his troubles. The tale for the most part had left the people in a state of shock. They were aghast after hearing a story as good as the Knights and then having to sit through the Millers attempt at entertainment. There is a name for this type of childish grotesque tale however. It is called fabliau it is a familiar medieval literary that would concern the more vulgar classes during its display. Since it had followed the Knights tale and had made a mockery of it, the Miller had managed to bring down the tale and strip it of its pride and morale.After hearing the Knights tale and seeing the peoples reaction to it I think the Miller became a little jealous and decided that he should be in

Synthesis Essay Question Essay Example

Synthesis Essay Question Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis Essay Question specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis Essay Question specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis Essay Question specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Synthesis Essay Question The stories, â€Å"Identities†? and â€Å"Mistaken Identity†?, are generally similar since they depict the consequences experienced by the different main characters regarding their mistaken identities. The poem â€Å"Mistaken Identity†?, by Alden Nowlan shows two different situations where two women mistake the protagonist for a person they knew and portray intimacy for him whom the women perceive him to be is entirely wrong. On the other hand, the short story, â€Å"Identities†?, by W.D Valgardson portrays the consequences met by the protagonist, a middle class parent, regarding the issue of wrong identity. In order to set the mood for the two literary works concerning the theme, various tones have been used to clarify. Irony, loneliness and anxiety are the main tones evident in the narratives. To enable analysis of the written works, it is important to assess the different variations in tone in the stories. Both writings exhibit a variety of tones, which demonstrates the consequences of mistaken identity. One of the main tones apparent in both stories is loneliness. In â€Å"Mistaken Identity†?, solitude is evident where a fat woman who smelled of beer approaches the protagonist. The woman kisses him and the protagonist states that he is lonesome and was almost tempted to assume the identity that the woman was implying. It is stated, â€Å"and I was so lonesome†? (Nowlan, 15) showing the protagonist†s loneliness. The protagonist confirms his despair by reluctantly declaring to the first woman that he is mistakenly identified hoping that the woman will continue expressing her feelings of intimacy. This is evidenced where he says, Abefore I spoke, she had realized that and was pushing me away? (Nowlan, 25-26). Instances of loneliness are also evident in â€Å"Identities†?. In the story, the protagonist experiences feelings of solitude. This is shown where the pr otagonist feels like temporarily abandoning the comforts of the suburb. He decides to lonely explore without having any destination in mind. This is indicated in two instances where the author states, â€Å"wakes in him a desire to temporarily abandon the twice-cut yards and hundred-year-old oaks†? (Valgardson, 1-2) and when he states, â€Å"He does not hurry for he has no destination? (Valgardson, 1-2) which affirm the protagonist solitude. Both pieces use loneliness in order to allow the reader feel the mood of the protagonists. Variation in tone that is also identified in both stories is anxiety. In Mistaken Identity?, the protagonist reacts differently to the woman warm greeting by avoiding her hastily through turning away from her as if she was posing danger, which is affirmed when the protagonist states, â€Å"I very quickly turned away? (Nowlan, 39-41). The protagonist also expresses stress where he decides to identify himself correctly to the first woman who had also mistakenly identified him as her lover, Walter. In order to avoid the consequences that could arise from his mistaken identity, the protagonist decides to tell the woman his real identity. He states, â€Å"what I did was mumble something about there being a mistake†? (Nowlan, 20-23). Anxiety is also evident in â€Å"Identities†?. The tone is depicted by the protagonist reveals stress when he sees a group of suspicious looking people. This is shown where the author states, â€Å"he hopes his day old beard which he strokes up ward with the heel of his hand†? (Valgardson, 8) which affirms his concern of him being mugged. Anxiety determines the decisions the protagonists made in their respective and different decisions. Irony is also another tone that is identified in the two narratives. For instance, in â€Å"Mistaken Identity†?, the protagonist states, â€Å"It’s good sometimes to be mistaken for someone else, although it usually ends badly†? (Nowlan, 5). This indicates verbal irony in which the protagonist acknowledges that being mistakenly identified is disadvantageous but at the same time asserts that it is advantageous to be recognized as another person. In the same story, irony is also seen where the protagonist admires the attention of being mistakenly identified as Davie, but he decides to avoid the attention even though it is frightening. He states, â€Å"Then, because I wanted her to keep smiling at me, lovingly, I very quickly turned away†(Nowlan, 35-40). Irony is also noted in â€Å"Identities† where the protagonist is killed by the police officer, instead of the group of people that were outside the small store. An irony of situation occurs towards th e end of the story when â€Å"He is so intent upon the three men and the girl that he does not notice the police car drift against the curb, nor the officer who is advancing with a pistol in his hand†?(Valgardson, 10-11) and â€Å"Instinctively relaxing, certain of his safety, in the last voluntary movement of his life, he reaches his hand not in the air as he was ordered to, but toward his wallet for his identity†? (Valgardson, 10-11), the author depicts the protagonist† ironical death. Irony plays an important role in depicting the consequences of mistaken identity. Both stories noticeably outlay the theme of identity and its consequences. In â€Å"Mistaken Identity†, identity plays a role in the identification of the protagonist. The story depicts the protagonist † status as mistaken. The first example is seen where the fat woman incorrectly identifies the protagonist as Walter. In the second example, a young woman as Davie mistakenly identifies the protagonist. In â€Å"Identities†, the consequences of identity are noticed by the protagonist is seen as a criminal due to his unshaved beard, contrasting attire and the fact that he was driving a Mercedes Benz. He ends up being shot by the police officer who mistakenly classifies him as a car thief. To allow for the development of the theme, irony, loneliness and anxiety are used to exemplify the main subject of the stories since the tones play a role in establishing the roles of identity in both narratives. Works Cited Nowlan, Alden. â€Å"Mistaken Identity.† Selected Poems. Ed. Patrick Lane and Lorna Crozier. Concord: House of Anansi Press, 1996. 72. Print Valgardson, W.D. â€Å"Identities.† What Can’t Be Changed Shouldn’t Be Mourned: Short Stories. Ed. W.D Valgardson. Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 1995. 56. Print.

Useful Tips on Making Money Being a Student

Useful Tips on Making Money Being a Student Easy Ways to Make Money as a Student Every student wants to earn own money. There are many possibilities, such as browsing the Internet, babysitting, tutoring and so on. All these activities will allow you to earn money for a while, but will not solve your financial problems. You will lose your precious time, but will not have the opportunity to learn how to make money. Thus, we offer you some essential keys to making money being a student. There four ways of how to make money in college: Look for an easy job, which will provide you with temporary salary. Usually, such jobs do not have a significant impact on your studying and schedule. In this way, you will get what you want, but, maybe, that it is not the best variant for a young person who wants to become successful because you wont have any prospects of career development. Of course, do not forget about the rare chance to win the lottery. You may invest in your study. It sounds strange, but it works. You enter the college with some goals and aims, which you want to reach. Thus, you can visit some paid courses where you will be able to get practical skills, which you will use to make money in future. You have to understand that only real specialists usually can find a high-paid job. Thus, this variant is with a long-term perspective. Develop yourself outside the college. Sometimes, college cannot give the necessary skills, which you may need in your future. It does not mean you should leave college at once. Formal education still increases your chances to build bright future. Nevertheless, you should use every opportunity to learn something new and reach your goals even if it is far from your profession. For instance, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg, etc. chose exactly this way to live their life and they won. Use passive income. There are many kinds of passive revenues. For instance, the interests from your bank account or stock and bonds, your inventions and patenting them, earnings from business or internet marketing. The last is the most popular and the easiest one. You need only three things: a laptop, a few free hours and the necessary knowledge. It is a great chance to start to make money and to become financially independent being a student. To sum up, the most important thing is to decide what you want to do in your life and which of the ways listed above is suitable for reaching your goals.

PORSCHE Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PORSCHE - Case Study Example It also owns other companies such as Audi, Bentley, and Lamborghini making it the third world’s largest automobile manufacturer in the world. Volkswagen plans to gain the top position using a platform called Strategy 2018. To achieve this, VW plans to increase the limited production of Porsche through the development of new product lines such as sedans and SUVs aside from sports cars. It also wants to absorb the technology and innovation of Porsche and apply them to other automobile brands owned by VW. However, these plans represent a potential risk for the brand image of Porsche since these can negatively affect the perception of quality and loyalty among Porsche customers. Thus, Matthias Mueller, the new CEO of Porsche, needs to make a significant strategic decision. Muller has to decide effectively whether Porsche should diversify its production or focus on delivering its core competency which is the production of sports cars. In addition, Muller also needs to create a stra tegy that will prevent the potential brand dilution of Porsche. II. Situation Analysis General Environment The economic environment where the automobile industry operates is highly unstable and volatile. This is a result of the financial crisis and economic recession emerging in different countries. This situation can greatly affect the purchasing decision of customers. Industry Environment Sports cars are a specialised segment in the automobile industry with a very specific target market which are the affluent race car enthusiasts. Even though there is a small market for this segment, each purchase constitutes very high profit margin. For this reason, a lot of automobile companies are also designing and manufacturing sports cars. This led to the increased competition for this segment in the industry. Porsche is the leading brand for sports cars in the world. On the other hand, Sedan and SUVs are also generating increased demand from the global market. This represents an opportunity that differentiated car manufacturers can take advantage. However, this segment already has numerous competitors. In general, there is increased competition in the automobile industry since buyers incur low switching cost as a result of high availability of various automobiles. Competitor Environment Volkswagen Auto Group is facing intense competition from Toyota and General Motors in terms of market share and revenues. These companies also have their own high end sports cars and luxury cars which directly compete with Porsche and other sports cars owned by VW. This requires VW to design effectively and market their products in a superior way compared to its competitors. III. SWOT Analysis Strengths Porsche is the world’s strongest sports car brand which denotes high loyalty and high quality perception among its customers. It also has a strong culture for technology and innovation which makes its cars highly reliable. In effect, Porsche consistently experiences very high sal es from all its models of sports and race cars. Weakness Although Porsche has proven itself in the market for sports cars, the company has not yet gained a strong reputation for manufacturing other segments such as sedans and SUVs. This makes it difficult for Porsche to  position itself effectively in the new market segments. Opportunity There is an increased demand for SUVs and Sedans in the global market. This is an opportunity for Porsche to increase its revenues by diversifying its product lines for a broader market segment. Threat T he plan of the Volkswagen to let Porsche manufacture a new product lines aside from sports cars can lead to a risk of brand dilution for Porsche. There is a possibility that the perceived quality and high differentiation that Porsche was able to position to the market

Fashion retail concepts of the future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Fashion retail concepts of the future - Essay Example The essay "Fashion retail concepts of the future" analyzes Fashion retail. In future fashion retail, there will be considerable use of online systems. A website legitimizes the existence of a business. E-commerce performs a physical role in enabling convenient access of products across distant areas. More fashion stores may face the pressure of opening their online versions to facilitate convenience of shopping among customers. In supply chain management, technology will be crucial in enabling efficiency. RFID technology helps track the movement of clothes in the distribution chain. This is possible though the use of tags that help track products from the manufacturing phase to the purchase stage. Fashion is ushering in an age of interactive shopping. Interactive experience means that a client takes charge of one’s shopping time. This involves the use of sensory simulation in testing products before purchase. For instance, the Burberry store in central London avoids the idea o f direct purchases. The store has simulated the website experience in its physical store on Regent Street. A customer, therefore, makes one’s purchases from the sofa while using a swipe machine. Clothing in the store has chips and identification technology that makes it possible for customer to witness images of clothes in catwalk. Mobile applications will be a key feature in fashion retail. Major brands such as SalesGossip, Burberry, Forever21, Shopstyle, and Tommy Hilfiger are investing in various applications.

Financial Accounting and Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Accounting and Reporting - Essay Example The formation of the bank was done in cooperation by Unit Trust of India, General Insurance Corporation of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India and also four other Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) companies of insurance namely The New India Assurance Company Ltd., United India Insurance Company Ltd., National Insurance Company Ltd. and The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. (Axis Bank, 2007).Presently, the bank occupies the third position among the banks in private sector to have a Pan network in India which includes over 1281 branches and Automated Teller Machine (ATMs) numbering 6270 making the bank to have the biggest system of ATMs in the country (Pandit, 2008; Axis Bank, 2007). In the year 2007, a decision regarding having its own individuality different from UTI-I as its parent was taken by the bank authority. And this is how the brand name ‘Axis’ was born. The bank was successfully accomplished to rebrand itself with its new name as ‘Axis Bank’. Thi s had assisted the bank to get rid of the dim perception as an entity that was government owned (Pandit, 2008).According to Axis Bank’s Annual Report for the fiscal year 2011, Rs. 3,388.49 crores was reported as its net profit. The earnings as well as the business of the Bank grew sturdily over the previous years. The net profit of the bank also rose by a considerable amount of 34.76 percent compared to the previous year. The substantial expansion in the business in all the segments was revealed in the form of vigorous financial indicators. The total income of the bank increased by 26.97 percent and reached to Rs. 19,786.94 crores in the financial year 2010-11 in comparison to Rs.15,583.80 crores in the last year. The return from operations in this period augmented by 25.08 percent to an amount of Rs.11, 195.12 crores whereas the profit in relation to operations rose by 22.42 percent and amounted to Rs. 6,415.69 crores (Moneycontrol, 2011). The progress in terms of revenue ca n possibly be credited to the performance of the central income streams of the bank such as the income from net interest (NII) as well as other incomes and fees. NII augmented by a percent of 31.14 to an amount of Rs. 6,562.99 crores which was more in numbers compared to last year i.e. 2009-10, whereas other income as well as fee rose to Rs. 4,632.13 by 17.39 percent in comparison to the previous year i.e. 2009-2010. The increase in NII by such a considerable percent of 31.14 was an outcome of the vigorous progress in the low-cost deposits of Current Account and Savings Bank (CASA) and also in assets on a regular average basis. All through the period, the entire earning assets amplified by 34.70 percent to an amount of Rs. 179,573 crores on a regular average basis and which had augmented in comparison to last year i.e. 2009-10. A progress of 32.81 percent was also observed in relation to the low-cost deposits in CASA which had increased from the previous year i.e. 2009-10 on a regul ar standard basis and which even assisted the bank to hold on to the funding prices (Moneycontrol, 2011). Additional income including fees, miscellaneous income and trading profit even augmented to 4,632.13 crores by a percent of 17.39 compared to the previous y

Understanding The Purpose Of Interval Training Physical Education Essay

Understanding The Purpose Of Interval Training Physical Education Essay Interval training involves a repeated series of exercise work bouts interspersed with rest of relief periods. This is a popular method among athletes because it allows the athlete to exercise at higher relative intensities during the work interval than are possible with longer-duration, continuous training (Heyward 2002). The intensity can vary from between all out to greater than competition intensity. Recovery periods can be from considerably less than the preceding work bout to complete recovery (recovery can be active or inactive). The duration can last from a few seconds to many minutes. The number of work bouts can obviously be from 2 to possibly 100 or more. Interval training is geared towards and dictated by the physiological variable-maximum oxygen consumption. With this in mind it might be more appropriate to refer to this type of training as vo2 max or aerobic capacity training since one trains at or very near the intensity which demands vo2 max of the system (Daniels and Scardina, 1984). Interval training can be referred to in a number of different ways. Fox (1977) refers to two types of interval training, low power output interval training (LPO-IT) and high power output interval training (HPO-IT). HPO-IT involves exercise and pause periods of less than one minute. Gibala and mcgee (2008) refer to High intensity training (HIT). This generally refers to repeated sessions of relatively brief intermittent exercise often performed with an all out effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits VO2 peak (i.e >90% of vo2 peak). Depending on the training intensity, a single effort may last from a few seconds to up to several minutes with multiple efforts separated by up to a few minutes of rest or low intensity exercise (Gibala and McGee, 2008). Minimum volume of HIT may be necessary to increase VO2 peak and stimulate other adaptations such as an increase capacity for fat oxidation. On the other hand Astrand and Rodahl (1977) say that exercise bouts lasting 3-5 minutes each are the longest recommended and are considered optimum for training aerobic processes. The purpose of high intensity training is to repeatedly stress the physiological systems that will be used during specific endurance type exercise (Daniels and Scardina 1984) to a greater extent than which is actually required during a specific activity. At any level of exercise, duration frequency, programme length or initial fitness, intensity was the most important factor in producing improvements in aerobic power (Wenger and bell, 1986). Interval training in the highly trained athlete Landree (1997), lake and cavanagh (1996) and costill et al (1988) all report that an additional increase in submaximal exercise doesnt appear to further improve endurance performance and associated factors such as VO2 max, anaerobic threshold, econonmy of motion and oxidative muscle enzymes. In highly trained individuals further improvements in performance can only occur via high intensity interval training (Landree 1997). Interval training in the sedentary and recreationally active It is generally believed that in sedentary (VO2 max 60 ml/kg/min) (Rowell 1993, ekblom 1969). In contrast to this a study by Hickson et al (1977) found that the vo2 max of eight sedentary and recreationally active people could be significantly increased after to 10 weeks of high intensity exercise training using cycling intervals. Lauresen and Jenkins (2002) also report improved endurance performance. They reported that high intensity interval training in sedentary and recreationally active individuals improves endurance performance more than continuous sub maximal training alone. This improvement appears due to an up regulated contribution of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to the energy demand (Rodas et al 2000, MacDougall 1998). This could also be due to an improved capacity for aerobic metabolism through the increase in type 1 muscle fibres (Linossier et al 1993), cappiliristaion and oxidative enzyme activity.(Macdougall et al 1998, Essen et al 1977, chilibeck et al 1998). These adaptations are the most common due to High intensity interval training in untrainined or modertaley active. Holoszy and booth (1976) and Holoszy and Coyle (1984) report that submaximal endurance training has little or no effect on gylcolytic enzyme activity whereas supramaximal high intensity training can elicit up regulation of both glycolytic and oxidative enzyme capacity, maximal short term power but most importantly can increase VO2 max in an untrainined individual. Studies supporting increases in V02 max with interval training Studies have shown that 6-12 weeks of moderate intensity exercise can increase aerobic capacity and mitochondrial enzyme activity (gollnick et al 1973, hickson et al 1977) but sprint interval training at very high outputs (150-300% VO2 peak) for 6-7 weeks also produces similar results (Macdougall et al 1998, Rodas et al 2000, Tabata et al 1996) Tabata et al (1996) carried out a study involving 7-8 sets of 20 second high intensity exercise (170% of VO2 max) with 10 seconds rest between intervals. Post tests revealed a significant increase in VO2 max of 7ml.kg.min. This study concluded that adequate high intensity intermittent training may improve both anaerobic and aerobic energy systems significantly through imposing intensive stimuli on both systems. Fox (1973) and (1977) compared low power output training compared to high power output training. It observed no differences in Vo2 max gain with low power output training versus high power output training. This suggested that in long exercise repeats oxygen transport demands would be greater with vo2 max achieved in each exercise phase while in sprint repeats the high intensity may result in greater muscle hypoxia stimulating adaptations in muscle oxidative capacity. HIIT over a longer period of time (4-6wk) has been reported to increase high-intensity exercise performance, muscle buffering capacity, whole body exercise fat oxidation rates, and aerobic capacity (Edge et al 2005, Laursen and Jenkins 2002, Weston et al 1997) Talanian et al (2007) found that after 2 weeks of high intensity aerobic intervak training vo2 peak increased by 13%. Rodas et al (2000) conducted a study to evaluate the changes in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism produced by a newly devised short training programme. The training involved fourteen training sessions everyday for two weeks. Training consisted of a number of 15 second all out sprints with 45 second rest and also a number of 30 second all out sprints with 12 minute rest periods. The participants involved were moderately active individuals. Results found an increase in vo2 peak pre and post training from 57.3 +2.6 to 63.8 + 3.0 ml.min.kg following a progressive exercise test. Macdougall et all 1998 conducted a study involving 30 second maximum sprint effort interspearsed by 2-4 minutes of recovery performed 3 times per week for 7 weeks. The program began with four intervals with four minutes recovery per session to 10 intervals with 2.5 minutes. The effect of the training program on VO2max was that it increased from 3.73 + 0.13 to 4.01 + 0.08l/min (P # 0.05). Because there were no significant changes in body mass over the training program, V O2max relative to body mass also increased significantly from 51.0 + 1.8 to 54.5 ml ·kg-1  ·min-1. Gorostiaga et al (1991) compared high intensity training, using repeated 30 second sprints with 30 second rest, to continous training at 50% of VO2 max. All participants cycled 30 minutes per day, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Both groups were exercising at the same mean intensity. Post training incremental tests revealed an increase in VO2 max, exercising work rate and peak power more so in the high intensity training group (9-16% improvement) compared to the continous training group ( 5-7% improvement). Studies by Edge et al (2005), Laursen and Jenkins (2002) and Weston et al (1997) have found that High intensity interval training for 4-6 weeks improved high intensity exercise performance, increased muscle buffering capacity, increased whole body fat oxidation rates and also improved aerobic capacity. Gibala and Mcgee (2008) reviewed the high intensity training intervention the wingate test which involves 30 seconds of all out maximal cycling. This is also the method being used in this study. Protocols involved 4-6 wingates with 4 minutes of recovery between each one. A total of 2-3 minutes of intense exercise per session with 3 sessions per week for 2-6 weeks( Burgomaster et al 2008,2007,2006 and Gibala et al 2006 ). There was no measurable change in VO2 peak after 2 weeks of interval training wingates as the intervention. This suggests that peripheral adaptations improved exercise capacity. On the other hand studies by ( Rodas 2000 and talanian et al 2007) found increases in vo2 max after just 2 weeks of high intensity training. Bailey et al (2009) also used the wingate based model for their training intervention. Particpants performed all out 30 seconds wingate with 4 in week one progressing to 6 and 7 in week 5 and 6. Each wingate was separated by 4 minutes of rest. Post intervention testing showed a significant increase in VO2 max. Pre testing participants had a vo2 max of 3.06+ 0.60 l/min which increased post testing to 3.29+0.65 l/min. Also VO2 max increased in relative terms from 42+6 to 45+6 ml.kg.min. The other two other groups of participants one performing endurance training and the other a control group showed no increase in V02 max. Studies not showing improvement in VO2 max performance Franch et al (1998) compared the effects of a continous training programme and a high intensity training programme in recreational runners. All participants were split into three groups. The first training group was a short high intensity training group which involved 30-40 15 second runs at 20.4km/h with 15 seconds rest between intervals. The second training group involved a long high intensity training programme which was 4-6 4 minute runs at 16.6km/h with 2 minutes of inactive rest. The final group did a continous traning programme with 15km/h for 26 minutes. All groups trained three times per week for six weeks . The results of this study found that continous and long high intensity interval training improved VO2 max than short high intensity training. Burgomaster et al (2006) and (2005) used a wingate based training intervention for their study. 4-7 all out 30 second wingates were carried out over a 2 week period. Post testing revealed no significant difference in VO2 peak (p Hypothesis From reviewing previous studies and studies using similar methodology I hypothesise that VO2 max will increase in post testing. I also hypothesise that peak wattage in the incremental test will increase and also time to exhaustion. The reason for under taking this study is that I feel that other studies have looked at other factors rather than specifically focusing on VO2 max. Method Subjects 16 healthy males from the University of Exeter Rugby Union Club volunteered to participate in this study (mean age weight and height and SD). The participants were contacted via email and also verbally The subjects regularly took part in exercise, usually involving 4 training sessions a week, two being skills based and the other two being resistance sessions. Participants were asked to carry one with normal training before any testing had began and were asked to maintain their normal diet throughout the duration of the study although participants were asked to refrain from alcohol 24 hours before any testing. Ethical procedure Before any testing could be done the study had to be ethical approved by the University of Exeter School of sport and health sciences ethics board. Prior to the study all participants were informed fully about the study including all risks and all procedures involved verbally and in writing. All participants volunteered to be in the study and filled out informed consent forms in accordance with the ethics committee of the University of Exeter. Particpants were informed they had the right to withdraw from the study at any point. All results gained from the study were kept confidential and stored privately. Experimental design Subjects in the testing group were required to attend the laboratory on ten occasions over a 4 week period and control group on two occasions. All tests were separated with at least twenty four hours of recovery. All subjects undertook pre and post training incremental tests to ascertain Vo2 peak. Testing group then participated in a series of all out 30 second wingate tests over a four week training period. Screening Participants were asked to fill out a PAR-Q (a physical activity readiness questionnaire) to make sure there were no underlying medical problems. A risk factor count was also undertaken which involved blood pressure measurement using a sphygmomanometer. Particpants were weighed (in kg) and height measured (in cm) and recorded. Weight being most important as this data was need to eastablish weight applied during the wingate tests. Incremental tests Both before and after the training intervention all subjects performed ramp incremental tests to determine VO2 max. The ramp incremental tests were performed on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Lode Excalibur Sport, Gronigen, The Netherlands). Subjects performed 3 minutes at 50 watts after which the wattage increased 1 watt every 2 seconds until volatile exhaustion. Subjects were asked to cycle at a constant rate of 80rpm. When the rpm dropped below 80rpm participants were encouraged to increase the rpm back up and the test was ended when participants reached below 70rpm. Saddle and handlebar height was adjusted to suit each subject and then recorded for future reference in post testing. Verbal encouragement was used throughout to encourage participants to last as long as physically possible to obtain accurate data. Gas exchange data was collected continuously using cortex gas analyser. VO2 max was taken from the highest value before the subjects volatile exhaustion. Heart r ate was measured minute by minute using polar heart rate monitor. After volatile exhaustion the end wattage and time at exhaustion was recorded. Training intervention After completing pre testing, the testing group performed a series of all out 30 second sprints (Wingate tests) twice a week over a four week period. The Wingate tests were performed against a resistance equivalent to 0.075kg/kg body mass on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer (model 814E bicycle ergometer, Monark, Stockholm, Sweden). All wingates were interspersed with 4 minutes rest. In week one of testing participants were asked to perform 3 Wingates interspersed with four minutes of rest twice a week. This then increased by one Wingate per week (i.e week one three wingates, week two four wingates, week three five Wingates and week four six wingates).All participants were provided with a warm up on the cycle ergometer against no resistance. Having weighed the participants the relevant weight was added to the basket. Five seconds before each Wingate participants were asked to generate high pedalling speed in order to create a rolling start for when the weight was dropped. Partici pants were told when there was 10 and 5 seconds left of the test, so they could work at their maximal capacity for the duration of the test. During the rest periods participants were asked to cycle at a low cadence against no resistance. The computer program wingate 30 provided data on peak power, mean power and fatigue rate. Verbal encouragement was given throughout the winagates to encourage maximal effort and water was provided during each rest interval. Statistical analysis All pre and post incremental gas analysis was exported to Microsoft Excel. Standard statistical equations were carried out to calculate standard deviations and averages. The data was then input into SPSS (PC program, version 16 for windows) to calculate if the training intervention has a significant effect upon VO2 max. For the analysis a 2(testing v control) x 2 (pre v post) MANOVA ( three dependant variables, vo2 ml/kg/min, VO2 l/min and peak wattage) will be used. All data is represented in mean and standard deviation. The statistical significance level is set at P Validity and reliability Validity is described as whether the researcher truly measures that which it was intended to measure or how truthful the research results are. In a scientific experiment the aim is to manipulate a independant variable to produce an outcome on a dependant variable or variables. Once the researcher can confidently say that the changes in the dependant variable have been cause by the independant variable and no other factor the experiement is said to be internally valid (Levine et al 1994). This study is a valid and reliable study and several measures have been used to make sure of this Firstly a control, group was used. The reason being that it shows that it was the intervention that caused an increase in Vo2 max and peak wattage and no other outside factor and can provide a comparison. Another measure is that all participants were told not to alter any current training regimes so this would not affect pre or post test results. Proper calibration of gas analyzer was carried out to make sure Vo2 max values were precise. Throughout the wingate tests verbal encouragement was used to ensure that participants were giving their maximum effort into the training to obtain the best results. This intervention has been carried out before and shows that it is a protocol which is reliable and valid. Results All participants completed the 4 week training intervention. Each participant reported that they did not change their current training regimes outside of the intervention which may alter the results. The data was collected and then analysed. Results show that mean VO2 max in l/min, ml/kg/min and also peak wattage increased in the testing group after the intervention. Whereas the control groups data stayed similar due to no training intervention. Table 1.0: Mean VO2 MAX ML/KG/MIN, VO2 MAX L/MIN AND PEAK WATTAGE for Testing and control group. GROUP VO2 max ml/min/kg Vo2 max l/min Peak wattage Testing PRE 45.875 3.91 383.5 POST 50.125 4.315 396.125 Control 8.5% 9.4% 3.2% PRE 49 4.040 395.5 POST 48.875 4.050 397.125 Graph 1.0: Mean VO2 ml/kg/min pre and post training of testing and control groups. After the four week wingate training intervention, Vo2 max (ml/kg/min) in relative terms increased during the incremental vo2 max test. The mean difference in the testing group from pre to post tesing was 4.25 ml/kg/min, compared to the control groups mean difference of -0.125 ml/kg/min so the control groups mean relative Vo2 max decreased. Taking into account body weight this measure can be affected over time. One participant in the testing group started off with a weight of 118kg, at the end of the programme his weight dropped to 116kg, this caused the participant to have one of the biggest increases in relative VO2 max from 32 ml/kg/min to 41 ml/kg/min. Graph 1.1: Mean VO2 max l/min pre and post training for testing and control groups. Absolute Vo2 max (l/min) also increased in the testing group during the incremental Vo2 max test following the four week intervention. The mean difference pre and post testing in the training group was 0.405 l/min increase. Whereas the control group stayed the same with a 0.01 l/min increase. Graph 1.2: Peak wattage (w) pre and post training for testing and control groups. Mean peak wattage in the incremental Vo2 max test also increased following four weeks of wingate training in the testing group. This shows that participants who took part in the training programme could last longer during the post training Vo2 max test compared to the pre testing. This meant the time to exhaustion increased in the testing group. Mean peak wattage (w) increased from 383.5w to 396.125w showing a mean increase of 12.625w in the testing group. The control groups mean post peak wattage stayed similar with a mean increase of only 1.625w which was to be expected The data gathered from pre and post incremental test was input into the statistics programme SPSS to see if the increased found were statistically significant. The statistical test used was a 22 MANOVA. This test allowed me to compare groups (control and testing) and time (pre and post) to my three dependant variables (VO2 max ml/kg/min, l/min and peak wattage). Due to the three dependant variables a multi analysis of variance (MANOVA) had to be used. Mutlivariate analysis using pillails trace showed no significant difference in group (testing and control) on the Vo2 max in ml/kg/min, l/min and peak wattage, V=0.145, F(3,26)=0.145, P>0.05. Seperate Univariate ANOVAs were carried out on each variable and revealed no significant difference in group on VO2 max ml/kg/min F(1,28)=0.134, P>0.05. No significant difference was found in group on VO2 max l/min F(1,28)=0.094, P>0.05. Also no significant difference was found in group on peak wattage F(1,28)=0.364, P>0.05. This shows there was no significant difference in testing and control groups in terms of the three variables. Multivariate analysis using pillails trace showed no significant difference in time (pre and post) on the Vo2 max in ml/kg/min,l/min and peak wattage V=0.034, F(3,26)=0.306, P>0.821. Seperate univariate ANOVAS revealed no significant difference in time on Vo2 ml/kg/min F(1,28)=0.646, P>0.05, on Vo2 l/min F(1,28)=0.437, P>0.05 and on peak wattage F(1,28)=0.903, P>0.05. This shows there was no significant difference in pre and post results of the three variables. Multivariate analysis using pillais trace showed no significant difference in group (testing and control) x time(pre and post) on Vo2 max ml/kg/min, l/min and peak wattage V=0.037, F(3,26)=0.334, P>0.05. Univariate ANOVAS revealed no significant difference of group x time on Vo2 max ml/kg/min, F(1,28)=0.727, P>0.05. No significant difference was found for group x time on Vo2 max l/min, F(1,28)=0.822, P>0.05. Also no significant difference was found for group x time on peak wattage F(1,28)=0.261, P>0.05. This shows that testing group pre and post and control pre and post results were not statistically significant. Although these results did not show statistical significance, it cannot be ignored that they did show an increase. Despite that fact that the results were not significant all three variables increased following post testing. Results still show that the 4 week training programme was successful and the desired increases in Vo2 max (ml/kg/min, l/min) and peak wattage were achieved. Vo2 max in l/min saw the highest increase after the 4 week training intervention. Vo2 max l/min increased 9.4% in the testing group which is quite a considerable considering only 4 weeks of training was undertaken. Discussion Over the 4 week training programme all sprints were carried out at a maximal intensity with participants verbally encouraged to do so. This led the testing to be very uncomfortable and severely demanding, despite this the when adding up total cycle time at maximal intensity , participants only cycled for 18 minutes over the four weeks. Despite the fact that the intervention did not prouduce statistically significant results it did show that the intervention worked and increase the three variables. . This shows that with only 18 minutes of intense cycling through wingate tests can increase Vo2 max in relative an absolute terms and peak wattage by 3-10% in an incremental vo2 max test. Analysis of the evidence and relation to previous literature These results are similar to Bailey et al (2009) who used a similar intervention to the one use in this study. Bailey et al(2009) used one more wingate per session that this study (4 in week one increasing by one each week up to 7) and 4 minutes recovery time between each wingate. Results from this study showed a similar increase in Vo2 max, Bailey et al (2009) reported an increase in Vo2 peak of 8% which compared to the increase of 8.4% (ml/kg/min) and 9.5% (l/min) is very similar. This studys training programme may have had a slightly larger increases due to the 4 week programme compared to the 2 week training programme in Bailey et als (2009) study. Studies by Macdougall et al (1998)and Burgomaster et al (2008) also have reported increases of 7-8% in Vo2 max. Madougall et al (1998) also used the wingate based intervention but over a longer duration with a 7 week training programme and with 1 more session a week than the present study. Their results found a 7% increase in absolute Vo2 max and a 6.4% increase in relative Vo2 max. This is quite interesting considering the length and amount of sessions compared to the present study. The present study produced higher values in absolute and relative Vo2 max over four weeks. Macdougall et al (1998) also went up to 10 training intervals by the end of the study. This could potentially show that optimal time to obtain training adaptations could be around 4 weeks. Burgomaster et al (2006) also used a winagte protocol as its training intervention. Thier results are similar to what is found in this study. Vo2 max did increase after the 2 week training programme but after statistical analysis is was shown that this increase was not significant which is the same in the present study. Rodas et al (2000) also showed increases in Vo2 max after a short term interval training programme constsing of a mixture of 15 seconds and 30 second all out sprints which increase in number of the two week training programme. After the traini ng programme maximal progressive test were carried out to obtain post test value of Vo2 max (ml.min.kg) and peak wattage, two of the variables being testing in this study. Results showed an increase of around 10% in Vo2 max (ml.kg.min) and a 9% increase in peak wattage in the maximal progressive test. This increase of the 2 weeks is similar to the data reported in this study. This increases the validity of the present study that two out of the three variables measured in this study are also reported in Rodas et al (2000) study. Gibala and Mcgee (2008) reviewed the wingate based training intervention with studies of 4-6 wingates per session with 4 minute rest intervals which is similar to the present study. This review also concluded no changes in Vo2 max after the training intervention in studies by burgomaster 2005, 2006. One reason being why no reported increase in Vo2 max was seen is due to the length of the training programme. Gibala and Mcgee actually report this in their review. They compare the work load of Burgomaster (2005) which they review and state that studies by rodas et al (2000) and talanian et al (2007) had a greater work load than Burgomaster (2005) which could be one reason for no change in Vo2 max. Iaia et al (2008) also showed no increase Vo2 max following a 4 week training intervention. As you can see there is mixed evidence towards the wingate based protocol as a training intervention to elicit improvements in VO2 max performance. Although some of these studies did not show increases in VO2 max, other performance based improvements occurred. For example burgomaster et al (2005,2006) showed increases in time trial performance following four weeks of wingate based interval training. Despite some evidence to the contrary and statistical analysis showing the data in this study to not be significant, the fact that percentage increases in VO2 max are very similar to what has been reported in other studies. There can be many reasons to why high intensity interval training can increase VO2 max. The wingate test can be a very demanding test and is primarily used as a measurement of anaerobic capacity, showing peak power, average power and fatigue rates. Macdougall (1998) states that oxidative metabolism has a minor contribution to the energy delivered during each wingate test, although slievert at al (1995) says that the contribution of oxidative metabolism probably increased with every interval. The fact that using a wingate test with repeated intervals, participants can reach 140-210% Vo2 max during each interval, this shows that training at intensities above Vo2 max can be more important than the volume of training and can stimulate increases in muscle oxidative pot ential (Macdougall et al 1998). Common responses to HIT in moderately active individuals is the expression of type 1 fibres, capillirisation and oxidative enzyme activity (linossier et al 2003, Mcdougall et al 1998). The recovery phase of the wingate based training programme can have an important part to play in obtaining improvements in Vo2 max and other performance parameters. Passive recovery during the rest periods between each interval has been reviewed by billat (2001), because high levels of lactate develop during interval training performed at an intensity above the lactate threshold, active recovery facilitates this removal (hermansen and stensvold 1972). This removal allows althletes to tolerate heavy work rates for longer period of time ( Billat et al 2000). The rest days between each wingate session are also important. Rodas et al (2000) found significant increases in oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activity after two weeks of sprint training but this was no change in wingate performance after only one days rest. This improves the validity my results as partipants had more than one days rest between each wingate training session. Critical evaluation of the method One factor that could affect the amount of increase in Vo2 max could be baseline levels of Vo2 max. Participants with low baseline Vo2 are going to see larger increases than participants who already have higher fitness levels. Although as I have mentioned before Landree (1997) states in highly trained individuals further improvements in performance can only occur via high intensity interval training. One major reason why the results of this study did not prove significant is the standard deviation. Participants with low baseline levels before the intervention may have showed an improvement in VO2 max and peak wattage but this improvement may still not have got them to the level of another participants baseline level. For example one participant increased their Vo2 max (ml.kg.min) from a baseline level of 39 ml.kg.min to a post intervention score of 50 ml.kg.min but this increase still did not get their Vo2 max level to the same as 4 other participants baseline. This variety in differ ent peoples Vo2 max could be a reason why significant results were not obtained. A good comparison can be made between this study and Bailey et al (2009) due to similar participants being used. Their study used young adults with a mean age of 21 SD 4 which is a similar age to the participants in this study. One factor that could have been improved in this study is a larger sample s

Symbolism In Heart Of Darkness Essay -- essays research papers

Submitting to Symbolism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every great author posses the ability to create a novel deeply woven in symbolism and subliminal messages. Underneath the literal journey encountered in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness lies a tale saturated with subtle, yet, significant imagery that brings forth the true meaning of the novella. Throughout Heart of Darkness Conrad uses a plethora of simple colors, objects, and places to convey multifaceted images and ideas. His fine execution of the tools of the English language allows him to quickly lure the reader aboard the Nellie and not release him until the horror is over. Although the interpretation of symbols in the Heart of Darkness is elaborate, due to their simplicity they are often overlooked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An overriding series of symbols in Heart of Darkness is the ongoing contrast of white and black, dark and light, and respectively holding representations of good and evil. Amongst most literature white/light relates to a civilized community and black/dark denotes savagery. However, Conrad often depicts many things usually associated with light to be dark in coincidence with the glittering light shed on dark images. Conrad illustrates the wrath of Europe, â€Å"And this also has been one of the darkest places of the earth.† (Conrad 18) Furthermore, Conrad's frequent symbolic combination of life and death is a parallel to light and dark, echoing the fact that the two must exist simultaneously - there cannot be without the other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blatant, but often passed over is the symbolism of the number three in Heart of Darkness. First, notice that the book is divided into three chapters. From there Conrad only lets Marlow break from the story three times to let the unnamed narrator speak. As the journey through the Congo progresses it halts its journey at three stations-Outer, Central, and Inner. The triads do not end here, but persist through the characters in the novella. Though they play an integral role in Heart of Darkness only three women are mentioned principally-the intended, Marlow’s Aunt, and Kurtz’s mistress. Contrasting the women is the trio of Kurtz, Marlow, and the narrator. The triplet that binds the book is the various views of Africa from the adventure, economic, and religious standpoints.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The start of the book is ... ...oy him. Towards the close of Heart of Darkness he finds himself amidst a swarm of small flies. The diminishing size of the insects is a representation of the growth in Marlow’s character as his journey progresses. Symbolism as such is one of the great examples of Conrad’s intelligence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heart of Darkness overflows with symbolism and is by far one of the greatest novels of the twenty century. Conrad employs the literary tricks as he unwraps more than just the quest of a man and his trip through the Congo. Looking between the lines helps convey the true meaning in Heart of Darkness and enhance the reader’s enjoyment of the novel. Not to forget that Conrad closes the book with classic symbolism of Marlow in the lotus position closing his spiritual journey. â€Å"Marlow ceased, and sat apart, indistinct and silent, in the pose of a meditating Buddha. Nobody moved fro a time. ‘We have lost the first of the ebb,’ said the director suddenly. I raised my head. The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed somber under overcast sky-seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness.† (Conrad 125)

Final Monster Energy Bars

Have you ever thought of eating energy drinks like Red Bull, Monster, AMP, NOSE and Rocks instead of drinking. We are not talking about any food item which will take you hours to cook food. It is not a product which comes in a large box or you have to heat it. Instead, we are launching a product which will save your time in cooking when you will eat it will provide you instant energy, nutrients and vitamins with four delicious and tempting flavors. The wait is over!! It's a launch of a product which is known as â€Å"Monster Energy Bars†, the name says it all.It is a bar which provides energy and revalidated as suggested by our tagging â€Å"To Recharge the World† Monster Beverage corporation, always believed in innovating new product with different flavors and proved themselves by satisfying customer taste buds. Monster is leading in the market for energy drinks in terms of flavors. The target group for â€Å"Monster Energy Bar† is 19 to 33 years; mainly individ uals who live an active sports life, corporate professionals, students, active youth. The product ingredients include various health factors related to our daily life.Packed with all natural ingredients such as fruit extracts, rotten, cocoa and caffeine, Monster Energy Bar is a great source of energy on the go. In the present scenario most people leaving a busy life often is avoiding healthy food and the necessary protein and calories intake which can cause health issues. Offering most of the great flavors and ingredients featured in energy drinks, Monster Energy Bar is likely to appeal all existing Monster Energy drink fans and new consumers. Mission Statement: We truly believe that time is the most valuable asset.Our main goal is to give our customers the most natural, nutritious and great tasting energy in the fastest way possible. We appreciate each and single one Of our customers and we know that our success and growth comes from not only meeting their needs, but exceeding expe ctations of our loyal consumers. We, as a team work really hard, to insure that we keep surprising and inspiring our customers with great new flavors. It makes us happy if our product helped someone to have a more productive day, reach the finish line, or simply go that extra mile.Macro – environmental analysis The macro environmental analysis is essential for the company. This analysis will help us to know whether the outside forces are beneficial for the many or not. The below are the forces which will help to determine the analysis for the product: Demographic forces will help to analyses the gender, age, income, and location. Monster Beverage Corporation already has its own target market, since â€Å"Monster Energy Bars† is a new product in terms of category and the aim is to provide energy on the go.The target market will be male and female between the age group of 19 to 33 years. The â€Å"Monster Energy Bars† are priced in such a way that youth such as st udents as well as professional (corporate people) can afford it. Strategically, location is targeted where here is lot of sport's activity, young students and commercial place are located. Economic: Sports nutrition is non-essential considered by customers, so the affordability plays an important role to market. The other factor which can affect is inflation.During inflation the spending habits of the people will change. Also, sports nutrition and particularly energy drinks and energy bars are recovering after the economy recession and appear to still growing. (Canadian Community Health Survey, 2005) Natural Forces: The natural forces which affect the products are natural calamities like earthquakes, floods, cyclone, etc. The other product ingredients related natural forces for energy bars contain Caffeine and Turin as their major ingredients which in high intake be considered not good for health.This is creating a shift to natural resources such as grains, natural caffeine or fruit based for health reasons. Technological: New trends are emerging in the sports nutrition business which is focusing on the delivery of new experiences through the development of new technology to improve the manufacturing process. Political/Governmental Regulations: The political and government regulations may affect the product. Food and drug administration may regulate the product because â€Å"Monster Energy Bars† contain caffeine content and other energy enhancements.The other impact which can affect the product is change in the government, new rules for the specific industry / category and changes in taxes. Cultural Forces: It is well known fact that Canada is multi-cultural- It has a diverse cultural where people are coming across the world. Although people are from different culture the main priority is healthy and convenient lifestyle, and sports nutrition products (I. E. Energy bars which provide energy) are the option to satisfy this need. The sports nutrition is s egmented in main categories: body builders, Pro / Amateur athletes, recreational users and lifestyle users. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2005) Marketing Segmentation: We will segment the market on the basis of Geographies, Chirography's, Demographics and Behavioral. Geographic Segmentation: This segmentation will consist of our target market location. As monster energy bar is the source of energy which is targeted for youth, sport's athletics and corporate people. The potential in the sports nutrition market is around IIS $4. 6 Billion (Euro monitor International 2010). Also is important that the maturity in energy drinks market drives the opportunity to expand the market towards the energy bars, in order attract new customers.The proportion of residents by province shows that British Columbia has the highest rate with 64% of people physically active followed by Yukon with 66% and Ontario the third with 54% (Canadian Community Health Survey, n. D. ). Chirography's Segmentation: The chirography's segmentation is based on various aspects like social class, lifestyle and personality characteristics. This segmentation will help us to identify the people from different lifestyle, their aloes and beliefs. Behavioral Segmentation: This segmentation will help Monster to segment their customers on the basis of usage of the product.The consumption of the bars will help us to segment the product to the target customers. Mostly customers are going to use for snack purpose, instant energy or during hectic work schedules. Demographic Segmentation: The demographic segmentation will help to segment the market on the basis of different perspective from customers. Monster Energy Bars will also be percept in another way because it is not just a natural bar. It is an energy bar which is healthy and active, targeting age group from 1 9 to 33 years.Also, the way We use to segment the marketing is considering the physical activity in the population by Age, Income, Gender, and p hysical activity preference in Canada. The household income play an important role a report shows that 32% of people with the highest income are physically active followed by 29% of high middle and 26% with middle household Income (Canadian Community Health Survey) Genders: Both Female & Male (with higher focus on males) Age: 19 to 33 province main focus and launch: British Columbia and Ontario MarketSegments: Young working professionals, college students and sport oriented, athletic people Income level: Middle to high Income Market Segmentation and Target Market The target market are based on the statistics that shows that the age range is important to consider because young men and women from 12 to 18 are physically active, we cannot target people under 18 due to ingredients in the energy bars and also the price is also a factor for the segment. The target market for our segment is 19 to 33 years which align very well with our product.To launch the product we will focus on Vancouv er, BC where sports s jogging, biking and swimming are the most common for the people and finally the income household targets from Middle to High in zones as: Anymore, Bellary, Greater Vancouver, Lions Bay, North Vancouver, West Vancouver (Census Data, Statistics Canada, National Housing survey, 2001). Multi-segments Our product is multi segment because Monster E Bar can benefit any type of consumer by providing instant energy. 1st Segment: Young males and females involved in various sports and recreational activities. ND Segment: Youth, college students and young working professionals. Is your product designed for consumers or business or both†¦. Why? The product is designed for consumers. Today consumers are very busy in their day to day life. Consumers are going out for long hours they can grab this bar and have it anywhere. It's for the people who needs source of energy, workout and for the students have very hectic schedule, many occasions they are rushing for meetings an d usually skip their meals. This bar is being very useful for them; it will keep them active and provides the ARQ aired energy.Why is the target market you selected profitable, sustainable, and how does it align with your product? The target market is profitable and sustainable because Monster Energy Bars has the potential to satisfy the customer needs by delivering the additional energy for the physically active people and professionals with busy work hours which directly align our target market. The initial launch itself is with four different flavors which will provide consumers to try new and different options Also, within the segment the household income of the target market is good and they will have the willingness to pay for the product.Decision on New Product Name: Strategically we have opted for name â€Å"Monster Energy Bar†. Monster Beverage Corporation has its own goodwill and very well renowned in the market for its energy drinks product. We chose this name beca use this company is well established and has provided various options to consumers in terms Of flavors and preferences. It is a new product that never existed before. It is energy drink that is in form of a bar. Monster Energy Bar is a new kind of energy bar based on ingredients and flavors of existing energy drink It's the first time when the energy drink is introduced in a form of â€Å"Monster†. Bar. â€Å"Monster† Energy bar is a soft and moist bar infused with combination f cacao, coffee and fruit flavors. It is the first and only energy bar on the market that does not consist of granola, oats, nuts and dried fruits, and is completely opposite to the rest of crunchy and chewy granola energy bars. Has absolutely different texture than a regular energy bar on today's market. â€Å"A 2009 Angus Reid survey for Contra Foods Canada found that 53% of working Canadians spent their lunch break reading, surfing the Web, or not stopping for lunch at all.If they do stop for lunch, they only break for 16-30 minutes, speaking to the need for convenience. Other attributes are also needed-?32% are looking for healthy ingredients, 25% are looking for quality, and 17% are looking for flavor. † (CNN Newswire Company, 2009) Our product is created to solve the issue above. It combines all natural, high quality and great flavors that along with compact size makes a perfect option for a quick, nutritious meal substitute that not only tastes great, but provides strong source of energy.Product Strategy The main strategy of our team is introduction of new, innovative and best fit solution for consumers when it comes to satisfying a need for extra energy. Our product is created to not only attract new potential consumers and early adopters who are willing to pay a higher price for a great quality; but entice already existing consumers to switch to our product. Thus we are planning on gaining a share of energy' bars market and keep on extending it with introduc ing new variations and flavors in the future.Upgrade Currently we are entering the market with four main flavors (Monster E Java, Monster E Cranberry/Raspberry, Monster E Citrus, and Monster E Banana). As our product will be growing we will expand the brand by introducing new labors, sizes and a bar that will consist of two flavors in one bar. We will also be able upgrade the quantity in which we sell our product by introducing such options like a bundle of two or three bars. But still it can be append with other monster products.At the same time our bar would be a perfect add on with a customer who frequently purchase energy drinks (especially Monster Energy) and would buy our energy bar on top of that. Packaging Packaging is very essential for any product development. The strategies we are going to use for packaging of â€Å"Monster Energy Bars† are clear visible of amen, logo and flavor. The logo will be same as â€Å"Monster Energy Drinks† because it has already cr eated image in the mind of the customers. This will help to draw attention towards existing customers and generate new customers.We are going to use airtight, vacuum, packaging with black, red, orange and yellow colors (corresponding to each flavor). The bar is going to have very clean and distinctive design and matte finish. The packaging will have English and French version of nutrition facts, ingredients, manufactured date, best before use and it will be certified by government (all of the ingredients are approved by required health standards). The packaging will be recyclable. On the shelves, bars would be displayed by color: black (Java), red (Berry), orange (Citrus), yellow (Banana) in that order.Pricing Strategy While launching our product we will use skim pricing strategy where we are going to set the price higher that other regular granola bars and energy drinks which are our main competition. We want our bar to be percept as a new, innovative, high quality product. By choo sing skim pricing strategy we are aiming to establish a recognizable, high quality product that will attract early adopters and those people who follow the latest trends and innovations and are looking for new and exciting products and flavors on the market.The MSP is 52. 4 CAD with a mark-up of 71 % from the unit cost of $0. 7 CAD, and there's is a margin of 48% for the wholesaler. MSP $2. 40 Wholesaler price $1. 34 Cost $0. 70 There is a cost per unit of $0. 7 CAD, includes Manufacturing materials, labeling and packing. The expected mark up for the product is 48% assuming that 44% will be the cost of the wholesale. We have calculated the cost which contains overhead expense, cost of goods sold, etc. As we have adopted skimming marketing strategies the price margin is also higher.Our MIMIC should be one that can create and nourish profitable relationships with our target customers and create an avenue for purposeful dialogue with them. For our Integrated Marketing Communications st rategy, we are going to incorporate the producer marketing activities to retailers and wholesalers who resell to our target customers, the rationale behind this is to ensure trade promotion(Cooperative Advertising) by producer and personal selling, as well as to enhance sales promotion by wholesaler or the retailer and public relations.

5 Sentences in Need of Commas

5 Sentences in Need of Commas 5 Sentences in Need of Commas 5 Sentences in Need of Commas By Mark Nichol Commas signal delineation in sentences, sometimes showing the break point between two thoughts and sometimes marking the beginning and end of a phrase inserted in the midst of a sentence. Here are five sentences in which a single comma, or the second of an inseparable pair, is missing, with revisions and explanations. 1. â€Å"Even when he was caught, some say he was plotting.† The phrase â€Å"some say† is an interjection in the midst of the statement â€Å"Even when he was caught, he was plotting.† It is not enough to merely insert the phrase; one must bracket it in commas (the first of which supersedes the original comma, the function of which is to separate the sentence’s two clauses): â€Å"Even when he was caught, some say, he was plotting.† 2. â€Å"Sorry guys, she’s married.† When directing a comment at readers, the writer must set off with commas the word or words used to identify the audience: â€Å"Sorry, guys, she’s married.† (Otherwise, the writer appears to be addressing guys who are sorry though they are sorry if they’re thinking they have a chance with the woman in question, so the erroneous version almost works.) The sentence is further improved by distinguishing the internal punctuation to enhance the impact of the statement: â€Å"Sorry, guys she’s married.† 3. â€Å"Now there’s a formula for ethical quandary.† Terms that are located at the beginning of a sentence and that refer to time (now, soon, before, afterward, and so on) may or may not, depending on their function, be followed by a comma, but in this case, in which now is used as a meaningless interjection and the emphasis is on the expletive there’s, it is essential: â€Å"Now, there’s a formula for ethical quandary.† Otherwise, the statement reads like a pitch from a television commercial for a shampoo formulated to eradicate ethical quandary. (Now, that would be a hot-selling product.) 4. â€Å"Residents decide driving, and shorter trips to places like Canada are safer options.† The phrase referring to travel to Canada is an interjection inserted into â€Å"Residents decide driving is the safer option,† with a change in the verb is and conversion of the singular option to the plural options to accommodate the additional choice: â€Å"Residents decide driving, and shorter trips to places like Canada, are safer options.† (Note that if the conjunction and were replaced with or, the verb and the form of the noun would remain singular: â€Å"Residents decide driving, or shorter trips to places like Canada, is a safer option.†) Alternatively, the sole comma in the original version could be omitted (â€Å"Residents decide driving and shorter trips to places like Canada are safer options†), but that revision changes the sense somewhat, turning a parenthetical aside into an integral part of the statement. 5. â€Å"This city knows how to create high-rise neighborhoods while San Francisco just talks about it.† Without a comma between the two clauses in this sentence, it reads as if one city has the knowledge about how to create high-rise neighborhoods during the time San Francisco just talks about it. But the meaning is that while San Francisco dawdles, the other city does: â€Å"This city knows how to create high-rise neighborhoods, while San Francisco just talks about it.† While is not used here to mean â€Å"at the same time,† denoting a continuation of one thought; it is a synonym for whereas, and the comma signals a new thought. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Use a Dash for Number RangesHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Facebook Dilemma Essay Example

Facebook Dilemma Essay Example Facebook Dilemma Essay Facebook Dilemma Essay Essay Topic: Emma Executive Summary The following report is based on the case study ‘facebook dilemma’. Facebook offers various ways for its users to interact. Facebook is a social network service that allows its users to create a profile and join various types of self-contained networks such as colleges and universities. Facebook is an internet born company that uses web 2. 0 technologies. This report outlines the communication concept used by facebook. It also states how e-commerce and web 2. 0 technologies made facebook popular by allowing advertisers to target their audiences through facebook. In facebook businesses can place advertisements that are fully integrated into primary features of the site, such as news feed which is a continually updating list of news stories, about member’s friend’s activities on facebook. The report also covers the weaknesses of facebook’s privacy policies and features and what management, organisation, and technology factors contributed to those weaknesses. It states how the launch of beacon services, effected facebook. The report also explains briefly the communication model of facebook. Introduction Facebook is king of the social networking sites. Prior to its inception in 2004, Myspace had ruled the internet as the premier place for people to meet and interact on the World Wide Web. However, in 2004 Facebook completely changed how social network is to operate, and they have become the most popular social destination on the Web. Popularity is great, but a company still has to be able to pay their bills and have some profit left over. Despite their success, Facebook has had a difficult time becoming profitable. Over the years they have tried many times to get over the hump in profitability. The purpose of this paper is to answer specific questions pertaining to Facebook and their attempts to build their profit. Q1. What communication concepts are illustrated in this case? The communication concept that is illustrated in the case study ‘Facebook Dilemma’ is that facebook is a internet born company (i. e. E-commerce). Facebook offers various ways for its users to interact. It has got over 118 million worldwide users. Facebook is a social network service that allows its users to create a profile and join various types of self-contained etworks such as colleges (Riva, R 2008). E-commerce is the use of the internet and the Web to conduct business. A social network such as facebook is an online site that focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among people. Facebook, not just only uses e-commerce to conduct business but goes a little deeper because it involves the concepts that are part of the basic construct of e-commerce. Commu nications in a social network service is mainly done through discussion groups, messaging, chat rooms, email videos, blogging and file sharing (Joseph, V 2010). Facebook site includes a wide variety of array tools that allow users to connect and interact with other users including messaging, groups, photo sharing and user created applications† (Riva, R 2008). Facebook involves richness, interactivity, information density, personalization/customization Richness is the complexity and content of a message. Interactivity is how e-commerce allows for two-way communication. Information density is the total amount and quality of the information available to all market participants, consumers, and merchants. Finally, personalization/customization is how merchants can target their messages to specific individuals to promote their products. Facebook represents opportunities for the advertisers to reach highly targeted audiences based on the user’s selection for the criteria’s such as hobbies, preference, regions and many more criteria and all this is done in the comfort of the user’s home. Business has the opportunity to advertise on facebook, the website is fully integrated with the advertisement, some examples of this, is Newsfeed which tells the company about the user’s friend’s activities (Riva, R 2008). Big brands and companies target their customers through facebook by offering them some kind of deals. As facebook as got more than 118 million worldwide users, it is a great platform for the businesses to advertise and reach their customers in every corner of the world. Facebooks failed attempt to utilize Beacon marketing software to promote sales and purchases of their constituents. Beacon was a program that would communicate what was purchased to Facebook members friends in order to entice them to shop their site (Riva, R 2008). Q2. What is the role of e-commerce and Web 2. technologies in Facebook’s widespread popularity? In the early days, business communication was largely defined by a publishing or broadcasting mindset. Externally, a company released carefully scripted messages to a mass audience that often had few, if any, ways to respond. Likewise customers and other interested parties had few ways to connect with one another to ask questions, share information, or off er support. Internally communication tended to follow the same â€Å"we talk you listen† model, with upper managers issuing activities to lower level supervisors and employees (Joseph, V 2010). One of the main factors of facebook popularity, is due to e-commerce and web 2. 0 technologies. â€Å"Facebook is a great tool for advertisers to reach highly targeted audiences based on their demographic information, hobbies and personal preferences, geographical regions and other narrowly specified criteria in a comfortable and engaging environment† (Riva, R 2008). Web 2. 0 can be described as a trend that revolves around using interactive, community-driven sites to promote the sharing of information, networking and other forms of collaboration among users. In a web 2. environment customers are able to interact with the business and actually play a significant role in the company’s success. This new way of web interaction is quickly replacing the dull static websites of past times. These days user can interact with the website content and get involved in ways that were not possible before. Facebook is a great example of web 2. 0 technologies. In facebook businesses ca n place advertisements that are fully integrated into primary features of the site, such as news feed which is a continually updating list of news stories about member’s friend’s activities on facebook. Firms can also create facebook pages where users can learn more about and interact with their companies. For example restaurants can advertise by having facebook, placing items in the news feed of its customers indicating that those people ate there recently. â€Å"Blockbuster has recent rentals and reviews of its movies appearing in similar fashion. Many companies, including eBay, Sony pictures, The New York Times and Verizon maintain facebook pages where users can learn more about the company and its productâ€Å"(Riva, R 2008). Facebook is popular because it promotes social interaction, and it is the interactivity that is the basis for e-commerce. Consumers can meet their friends and do business. Facebook is like a gold mine for most advertisers because the site has gathered a huge amount of information and also because of the richness of the social networking environment. Facebook has also benefited from its status as first mover in the social networking market place, amassing a large audience who’s user don’t want to live facebook as they fear to leave there friends behind (Riva, R 2008) Q3. Describe the weaknesses of Facebook’s privacy policies and features. What management, organization, and technology factors have contributed to those weaknesses? Facebooks policies are not weak, but they have made weak decisions that have damaged their security credibility. Their weakness stems from the introduction of Beacon, the mishandling of News Feed, and the inefficient methods of deleting an account. Beacon was programming that shared users purchase information with their friends automatically. Beacon was intended to inform users when their friends made purchases and engaged in other activities outside facebook. The trouble with the service was that it shared information about the users they had not explicitly agreed to share (Riva, R 2008). Beacon was initially an opt-out program. If the user did not want the service, they had to manually turn it off. Beacon service was still sending information to facebook, even if the users opt-out. Many protest groups were created against beacon. â€Å"The civic action group moveOn. org created a facebook group to protest beacon and grew to over 50,000 members in 10 days† (Riva, R 2008). The Beacon program caused Coca-Cola and Overstock. om to pull their advertising and support away from Facebook. The launched and subsequent embarrassment of facebook damaged facebook’s reputation as a provider of safe, secure environment for its users. News Feed is another program that was abruptly introduced to the Facebook users that shares actions with everyone on the Facebook Web. News feed is a feature which provides updates to your friends when you pe rform actions via facebook, such as updating your profile, adding new friends, or adding new applications (Riva, R 2008). Facebook CEO Zuckerburg had to publicly apologize and explain to the users about News Feed to usurp a possible firestorm. Facebook has also come under the fire for its handling of the personal information of people who attempt to remove their profiles from the site (Riva, R 2008). Thought users were allowed to deactivate their account, the company’s servers still kept their data, in order to make reactivation process easier. All three areas that involved personal information and privacy were met with resistance. A lack of interaction with their users is what led to the weakness in their policies and procedures. Each action was not formally presented and outlined by the company. In each instance, they only fixed the problem after damage had occurred. Ultimately, it was their faulty decision making process, which lead to the weakness in their privacy policies. Q4. Does Facebook have a viable business communication model? Explain your answer. Facebook did not always have a viable communication model, but now they have one that could be successful. Facebook is following a trend that has been benchmarked by the Iphone and IPod markets by creating applications that compliment the base program. In May 2007, Facebook introduced Facebook Platform, which is an effort to open up its site to third-party developers to become a platform for their applications (Riva, R 2008). Facebook platform has been beneficial for both facebook as well as the developers who are creating applications for it. Facebook’s environment has become even more engaging and self-sufficient, and developers gained unparallel exposures for their applications. A small percentage of these applications have turned into viable businesses. Companies attracting large number of users to their applications on facebook are able to sell goods, services, or advertising (Riva, R 2008). This is a perfect marriage between developers and Facebook because the developers want exposure for their technology and products, while Facebook has network of over 118 million potential clients of the developers. As a result, the site is more engaging, and more innovative than ever before. Moreover, in March 2008, Facebook launched new privacy protocols that placed more control of privacy content in the hands of the users (Riva, R 2008). Users control who has access to the site, and what information the visitors will have a chance to view. Facebook’s growth has led Microsoft to purchase a stake in the company, buying 1. 6% of the company for $246 million (Riva, R 2008). Due to the above factors facebook’s value is increased to $15 billion. With all of their good news, it is imperative for Facebook to drive innovative application creation, and vigilantly protect the privacies of their users. Q5. If you were responsible for coordinating Facebook’s advertising, how would you balance the desire to become increasingly profitable with the need to protect the privacy of your users? In terms of advertising, I know that I have the advantage at the negotiating table because I have a large treasure of potential customers. A large number of users use facebook on daily basis. The only reason why I have a large number of users is because they trust me to protect their privacy so they can interact at their own discretion. Consequently, my users give me my power position, and so their privacy will never be breached. However, I will allow the vendors to present their goods and services by selling advertisement space on the site. My site has over 118 million people who can see their advertisement and click the link to get more information, or make a purchase. To be the number one site on the internet, I have to protect the users who built my name, reputation, and business. I think another best way to make profitable advertisement with protecting user’s privacy is opt-in policy. When users make account in Facebook, give them the choice whether accepting advertisement or not. If there is no benefit to customer, there is nobody to accept the advertisement. Therefore, I will give some incentive to users who are accepting advertisement, something like discount coupon, from firms which want advertise through Facebook. This way makes my profit maximize. I don`t have to spend money to give to users. Actually, I will receive some commission from the advertisement. Conclusion In conclusion, despite of a many advantages, facebook doesn’t make much profit. Facebook has faced many controversies regarding the privacy of its users. Though most of the information is contributed to facebook willingly by its users, still it doesn’t give facebook the permission to use them to gain profit without the concern of its users. Facebook must always make the privacy of its users as its first priority because without the users facebook wouldn’t be as popular as it is today. Recommendations Facebook should develop new ideas and strategies which would bring more members to them and which will lead to more profit for the company, without risking the privacy of its users.